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Professor Stevens has found that students who tend to sit at the front of the classroom often perform better on class assessments.Based on his observations,he can say which of the following?


A) Students who sit at the front of the class are more motivated to learn.
B) Students who sit at the back of the class are lazy.
C) Sitting in the front of the class is correlated with higher grades.
D) Sitting in the front of the class causes higher grades on class assessments.

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Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?


A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) John B.Watson
C) Edward Titchener
D) William James

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Which researcher is likely a behavior geneticist?


A) Dr.Rich,who examines how individuals are different based on how their genetics and environment are different.
B) Dr.Thomas,who treats patients with psychological disorders.
C) Dr.Aaron,who helps people cope with everyday challenges and crises to improve their personal and social functioning.
D) Dr.Smith,who examines how individuals are similar based on their common biology and evolutionary history.

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Professor Johnson is interested in how people behave while taking public transportation.To find out,he rides the city bus for four consecutive hours every day over a two-week period.Which research method is he using?


A) case study
B) experiment
C) naturalistic observation
D) survey

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Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo.This investigation involves the use of


A) naturalistic observation.
B) random sampling.
C) the double-blind procedure.
D) replication.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?


A) the survey
B) naturalistic observation
C) experimentation
D) the case study

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Professor Bolden claims that his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills.How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this finding?


A) replication
B) naturalistic observation
C) case studies
D) correlational research

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To accurately generalize study results,researchers need


A) a good population base.
B) a highly reliable survey.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) a representative sample.

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Which early school of thought in psychology was most clearly focused on understanding the adaptive value of complex mental processes?


A) structuralism
B) behaviorism
C) psychiatry
D) functionalism

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In a published report of a research study on social anxiety,psychologists included a 30-item questionnaire,which they had used to assess levels of social anxiety.The psychologists have thus provided their readers with a(n)


A) hypothesis.
B) independent variable.
C) operational definition.
D) double-blind procedure.

Correct Answer

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When psychologists insist that "the rat is always right," they are emphasizing the scientific attitude of


A) humility.
B) respect for animals.
C) curiosity.
D) skepticism.

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Meta-analysis is


A) a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
B) a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study.
C) an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.
D) a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.

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Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to


A) minimize chances that participants in any group know each other.
B) increase chances that participants are representative of people in general.
C) minimize any differences between groups of participants.
D) increase chances that the different groups have the same number of participants.

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Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions illustrates


A) introspection.
B) critical thinking.
C) the psychodynamic perspective.
D) an empirical approach.

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The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology.


A) naturalistic
B) humanistic
C) scientific
D) introspective

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Professor Thurstone investigates whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' test scores.Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist.


A) clinical
B) social
C) biological
D) personality

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Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills.Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in


A) survey research.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) experimentation.
D) replication.

Correct Answer

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Steven believes that the Earth is flat and has befriended several people on social media who also hold this view.This is an example of how ________ can feed the acceptance of misinformation.


A) false news
B) repetition
C) availability of powerful examples
D) group identity

Correct Answer

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Who was the first to theorize about learning and memory,motivation and emotion,and perception and personality?


A) Wundt
B) James
C) Aristotle
D) Washburn

Correct Answer

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Hindsight bias most directly contributes to the perception that


A) psychological theories are simply reflections of researchers' personal values.
B) psychological research studies are simplified versions of reality.
C) psychological theories and observations are merely common sense.
D) psychological research studies are potentially dangerous.

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