Question 1

Two populations are the same species if their members can potentially breed with each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

For many species, hybridization results in sterile offspring, a process known as reinforcement of isolation. An alternate way of viewing the process of reinforcement is:

Accepted Answer

A)  selection for hybrid individuals.
B)  selection against individuals that hybridize.
C)  behavioral isolation.
D)  ecological isolation.

Question 3

_____ is a special case of explosive speciation in which new species form rapidly in response to numerous "open" ecological niches.

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopatric speciation
B)  Peripatric speciation
C)  Adaptive radiation
D)  Co-speciation
E)  Sympatric speciation

Question 4

When taxonomists recognize subspecies, they are identifying:

Accepted Answer

A)  populations that are reproductively isolated from one another.
B)  populations with restricted enough gene flow to develop some population-specific traits, but that can still interbreed with members of other such populations.
C)  populations that will inevitably become separate species as reproductive isolation is nearly complete.
D)  populations with extremely restricted gene flow due to allopatric isolation.
E)  None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 5

When we look at islands across the planet (think the islands of the Galápagos and Hawaii)  we see that there are a remarkable number of island endemic species, species that are found nowhere else. What is a possible explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction rates are lower in islands so species that have gone extinct elsewhere persist on islands.
B)  Sympatric speciation on islands is easier than in mainland environments because rates of chromosomal evolution are higher on islands.
C)  Sympatric speciation on islands is easier than in mainland environments because levels of disruptive selection are higher on islands.
D)  Island isolation promotes allopatric speciation.
E)  Vicariance events are more common on islands than in mainland environments.

Question 6

You would expect similar species with a different number of chromosomes to be genetically compatible and therefore able to reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When two populations have undergone divergence in allopatry long enough to have a difference of one fixed allele between the two populations, they are always then sufficiently different to be considered two different species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Imagine that a scientist wants to create a new species of minionsone that is a cross between a shark and a wolf. To his dismay, when he introduces shark sperm and wolf eggs into a petri dish, no viable embryos form. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The wolf eggs and shark sperm are temporally separated.
B)  This is an example of behavioral isolationthe shark sperm do not perform the correct courtship rituals to fertilize the wolf eggs.
C)  This is due to selection among embryos favoring the pure shark and pure wolf lines.
D)  This must be due to post-zygotic isolation.
E)  This could be an example of pre-zygotic isolation, where the proteins of the shark sperm and wolf eggs do not interact properly; however, this could also be an example of genetic incompatibility, where genomic differences between sharks and wolves prevent the formation of viable embryos.

Question 9

A researcher finds two closely related species of rodent, A and B, living sympatrically on a coastal peninsula. Geological analysis suggests that higher sea levels in the past have occasionally cut off parts of the peninsula-with the lower parts of the peninsula being under water and higher parts becoming separate islands. Do you think species A and B arose sympatrically or allopatrically? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Allopatrically. Populations isolated on ...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding polyploidy in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autopolyploids are thought to be derived from plants of the same species.
B)  Allopolyploids are thought to be derived from plants of the same species.
C)  Polyploidy is more likely to be seen in mammals than plants.
D)  Hybridization events between plants cannot result in an alteration of chromosomal number.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympatric speciation requires physical separation of two populations.
B)  Sympatric speciation requires a selective disadvantage of hybrids (e.g., medium-billed birds) of two diverging populations.
C)  Sympatric speciation requires a population in which all individuals have an equal chance of mating with one another.
D)  Sympatric speciation requires that all individuals use the same resources in the area where they are found.

Question 12

If the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were the product of co-speciation, its closest relative could be found in:

Accepted Answer

A)  gorillas.
B)  chimpanzees.
C)  orangutans.
D)  pocket gophers.

Question 13

A single species of fish, the three-spined spinyback, once inhabited a large lake. At some point in the lake's history, lava flowed from a nearby volcano into the lake cutting it into three completely isolated mini-lakes. Despite the heat from the lava, a few individuals from the original population of spinyback survive in each mini-lake. Three million years later, a researcher finds that each mini-lake is inhabited by its own species of spinyback. Which of the following figures MOST closely reflects how the three species of spiny back are related to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  tree M
B)  tree H
C)  tree K
D)  tree L

Question 14

Flower A blooms in June while flower B, a close relative of A, blooms in August. A researcher is raising a population of flower B in a controlled growth chamber. Over time the researcher manipulated the day length in the growth chamber and eventually manages to induce some individuals of flower B to bloom in June. The researcher finds that she can cross these individuals with flower A individuals and they produce viable, fertile offspring. What can she conclude about flower A and flower B?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B aren't a good example of separate species.
B)  A and B are genetically incompatible.
C)  A and B are temporally reproductively isolated from each other.
D)  The fact that B's blooming time can be manipulated suggests it should not be regarded as a species distinct from A.
E)  A and B are not pre-zygotically isolated from one another.

Question 15

When determining if asexual organisms are part of the same or different species, it is useful to use the:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological species concept.
B)  morphospecies concept.
C)  ecological species concept.
D)  phylogenetic species concept.

Question 16

All members of a species can in principle mate with members of the same species but of the different sex. Two populations would not be considered part of the same species if they do not actively breed (even if they potentially could).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Biochemical recognition systems within the stigma of a flowering plant prevent the pollen from a different species from developing a pollen tube and fertilizing its eggs. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation
B)  pre-zygotic, temporal separation
C)  pre-zygotic, lock and key
D)  post-zygotic, temporal separation
E)  post-zygotic, ecological separation

Question 18

When visiting Hawaii on vacation, a tourist notices that there are many different species of birds that look similar to one another, but are distinct in their ecology and in the morphology (beak size and shape)  that helps make them successful in different habitats on the island. The tourist supposes they are closely related and result from an adaptive radiation. Which of the following statements would provide the STRONGEST evidence they are the result of an adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some, but not all of the species can hybridize.
B)  Variation in beak length within any of the species is distributed like a bell curve.
C)  The phylogeny of the birds shows a single common ancestor for the group.
D)  The species move throughout all areas of the island.

Question 19

You are studying a species of frog in which individuals from two successive generations can no longer interbreed, suggesting that the offspring are a different species from the parents. If speciation occurred because of changes in chromosome counts between the parents and the offspring, would this be an example of speciation by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because all speciation events involve natural selection.
B)  Yes, because there is genetic variation present due to differences in chromosome numbers.
C)  Yes, because natural selection is involved whenever there is a difference in the genome size between the parents (species 1) and the offspring (species 2) .
D)  No. Speciation occurred, but natural selection was not involved.
E)  No. Natural selection can only act on populations, not on individuals.

Question 20

You are a parasitologist interested in roundworms affecting frogs. You note that when two populations of frogs were separated long enough ago for them to speciate, their roundworms have also speciated. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation
B)  co-speciation
C)  dispersal
D)  natural selection

Exam 22: Species and Speciation

_____ is a special case of explosive speciation in which new species form rapidly in response to numerous "open" ecological niches.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When taxonomists recognize subspecies, they are identifying:

Correct Answer
verified

You would expect similar species with a different number of chromosomes to be genetically compatible and therefore able to reproduce.

Correct Answer
verified

Biochemical recognition systems within the stigma of a flowering plant prevent the pollen from a different species from developing a pollen tube and fertilizing its eggs. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding polyploidy in plants?

Correct Answer
verified

Two populations are the same species if their members can potentially breed with each other.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Allopatrically. Populations isolated on ...
View Answer

For many species, hybridization results in sterile offspring, a process known as reinforcement of isolation. An alternate way of viewing the process of reinforcement is:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When we look at islands across the planet (think the islands of the Galápagos and Hawaii) we see that there are a remarkable number of island endemic species, species that are found nowhere else. What is a possible explanation for this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sympatric speciation?

Correct Answer
verified

All members of a species can in principle mate with members of the same species but of the different sex. Two populations would not be considered part of the same species if they do not actively breed (even if they potentially could).

Correct Answer
verified

You are a parasitologist interested in roundworms affecting frogs. You note that when two populations of frogs were separated long enough ago for them to speciate, their roundworms have also speciated. What is this process called?

Correct Answer
verified

When two populations have undergone divergence in allopatry long enough to have a difference of one fixed allele between the two populations, they are always then sufficiently different to be considered two different species.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were the product of co-speciation, its closest relative could be found in:

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that a scientist wants to create a new species of minionsone that is a cross between a shark and a wolf. To his dismay, when he introduces shark sperm and wolf eggs into a petri dish, no viable embryos form. Why?

Correct Answer
verified

When determining if asexual organisms are part of the same or different species, it is useful to use the:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 22: Species and Speciation

_____ is a special case of explosive speciation in which new species form rapidly in response to numerous "open" ecological niches.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When taxonomists recognize subspecies, they are identifying:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You would expect similar species with a different number of chromosomes to be genetically compatible and therefore able to reproduce.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biochemical recognition systems within the stigma of a flowering plant prevent the pollen from a different species from developing a pollen tube and fertilizing its eggs. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding polyploidy in plants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two populations are the same species if their members can potentially breed with each other.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAllopatrically. Populations isolated on ...View AnswerShow Answer

For many species, hybridization results in sterile offspring, a process known as reinforcement of isolation. An alternate way of viewing the process of reinforcement is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we look at islands across the planet (think the islands of the Galápagos and Hawaii) we see that there are a remarkable number of island endemic species, species that are found nowhere else. What is a possible explanation for this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sympatric speciation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All members of a species can in principle mate with members of the same species but of the different sex. Two populations would not be considered part of the same species if they do not actively breed (even if they potentially could).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are a parasitologist interested in roundworms affecting frogs. You note that when two populations of frogs were separated long enough ago for them to speciate, their roundworms have also speciated. What is this process called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two populations have undergone divergence in allopatry long enough to have a difference of one fixed allele between the two populations, they are always then sufficiently different to be considered two different species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were the product of co-speciation, its closest relative could be found in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that a scientist wants to create a new species of minionsone that is a cross between a shark and a wolf. To his dismay, when he introduces shark sperm and wolf eggs into a petri dish, no viable embryos form. Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When determining if asexual organisms are part of the same or different species, it is useful to use the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Allopatrically. Populations isolated on ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified